Awareness and First Aid

Dogs are man’s best friend but when they're scared, hurt, or upset, they can bite without warning. Here’s what to do if someone gets bitten by a dog.

To prevent scary or unnecessary situations with dogs, it’s best to err on the side of caution. Always respect their boundaries, ask the owners for permission, approach them slowly and avoid making sudden movements.

Although most dog attacks involve dogs that are unfamiliar, ER24 paramedics have also responded to incidents where family pets have attacked their owners, sometimes with serious results.

How to avoid dog bites

“Never offer an unknown dog your outstretched hand as they may see it as a threat,” advises Mariska Smit, a paramedic at ER24 North Metro. “Rather allow the dog to approach you slowly, and don’t corner it when trying to pat it.” If an aggressive dog approaches, try to back away slowly, or throw something to divert its attention. “Don’t turn your back and run, as a dog might see this as playtime and chase after you.”

Children must be taught not to disturb a dog while it’s eating or sleeping, she adds. “Supervise interactions between children and unfamiliar dogs and avoid any rough handling or teasing. In turn, as a dog owner, you’re responsible for training and controlling your dog.” Also make sure your dog can’t escape your property and keep it on a lead when out in public.

First aid for dog bites

If someone gets bitten, act quickly to reduce the risk of infection, control bleeding, and prevent further injury.

“Apply direct pressure to the wound if it's bleeding,” says Smit. “Raising the affected limb above the heart can also help slow any blood loss.” Calm the victim while gently cleaning the bite with soap and water. Apply antiseptic to help prevent infection before covering the bite with a clean bandage or dressing.

“If there is severe bleeding that doesn’t stop with direct pressure, get urgent medical help. Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that can affect your nervous system. If the bite is severe, you might need a tetanus shot.”  

Although you might be concerned about getting rabies from an infected dog, skin infections are usually the most common problem. “Bite wounds on the hands, neck or face carry an especially high risk for serious complications because the skin's surface is so close to the underlying bones and joints,” says Smit.

Signs of infection from a dog bite

Monitor the wound for signs of infection, such as:

  • Redness and swelling around the wound
  • Pus draining from the wound
  • Fever or chills.

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