Awareness and First Aid

Knowing the difference between a panic attack and a heart attack could save you from major discomfort and trauma. It could even save your life.

How similar are panic attacks and heart attacks?

The symptoms of panic attacks and heart attacks are so similar that it might need a medical evaluation to discern the difference, says ER24 Emergency Medical Care Learning & Development Manager Natania Lemley. They have these symptoms in common:

  • Chest pain
  • Shortness of breath
  • Sweating
  • Nausea
  • Dizziness
  • Palpitations
  • The patient may feel something very bad is about to happen, or even that they might die
  • Fatigue.

Despite the similarities, these symptoms are triggered by different factors.

How to tell a panic attack from a heart attack

In the absence of someone qualified to do a medical evaluation, it’s up to bystanders, family and friends to identify the symptoms and determine whether the patient is having a panic attack or suffering a cardiac event. Some things to look out for include:

Nature of the chest pain

  • Panic attack: Chest pain is usually sharp, stabbing and confined to one area.
  • Heart attack: Chest pain often feels like pressure, squeezing or a heavy weight on the chest. It may radiate to areas like the arms, back, neck or jaw. It also tends to worsen with physical exertion.

Duration of the chest pain

  • Panic attack: Tends to last for about 10-20 minutes, often peaking before it begins to subside.
  • Heart attack: Symptoms can last longer and worsen over time.

Onset of the chest pain

  • Panic attack: Often occurs suddenly when you’re at rest or have an emotional trigger.
  • Heart attacks: Might begin during or after physical exertion and start more gradually compared to panic attacks.

Associated symptoms

  • Panic attack: might be accompanied by symptoms such as hyperventilation, a sense of detachment from reality, and a fear of losing control.
  • Heart attack: usually accompanied by nausea, sometimes vomiting, diaphoresis (sweating), and shortness of breath.

What if I’m still not sure about the symptoms?

If you’re unsure, call an ambulance, advises Lemley – particularly if the symptoms persist for a prolonged period, if the patient loses consciousness, or asks for medical assistance.

How dangerous are panic attacks?

Lemley says panic attacks themselves are not life-threatening. However, they can lead to complications if not managed properly. “It’s important to seek appropriate treatment, not only to manage the attacks but also to reduce the risk of longer-term psychological and physical consequences.”

Panic attacks can be caused by emotional stress, trauma, specific phobias, or even the fear of having a panic attack. “There is also evidence that suggests if panic attacks are prevalent in your family, you might be more prone to getting them,” Lemley adds.

While panic attacks do not lead to heart attacks, they can affect heart health through physiological responses, behavioural changes, and stress-related effects, she says. This can lead to long-term heart health issues, so it’s important to address panic attacks and get the right treatment.

Treating a panic attack

1. The immediate strategy

  • Deep breathing
  • Reassure yourself that everything will be fine and you’re experiencing a panic attack
  • Relax your muscles
  • Find a safe space
  • Mindful meditation

Positive affirmations.

2. The grounding technique (5-4-3-2-1 technique)

  • Identify 5 things you can see
  • Identify 4 things you can touch
  • Identify 3 things you can hear
  • Identify 2 things you can smell
  • Identify 1 thing you can taste.

This method should distract the panic attack sufferer long enough to calm them down.

3. The long-term approach

  • Cognitive behavioural therapy
  • Medication
  • Regular physical exercise
  • Stress management
  • Healthy lifestyle
  • Educating yourself on panic disorders
  • Joining a support group
  • Developing a coping plan.

How to prevent panic attacks

Lemley suggests that people who suffer from panic attacks find ways to manage their daily stressors. This could include activities that lower stress like exercise; while also eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep. “Attempt to identify and avoid triggers and always practise self-care. Also educate yourself on panic attacks so you understand better how to manage them.”

In any emergency, call ER24 on 084 124 for real help, real fast.